A new method for targeting malignant brain tumors by making cancerous cells "commit suicide" was developed by a team of researchers headed by Alexander Levitzki, professor of biochemistry at Hebrew University of Jerusalem .
Levitzki and research associate, Dr. Alexei Shir, pioneered a technique in which a molecule containing long, double-stranded RNA is attached to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and delivered to cells with an abnormally high number of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR).
This proliferation of EGFR is typical of certain types of cancer cells, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most lethal form of brain cancer.
The nucleic acid-EFG molecule acts as a "guided missile," explained Prof. Levitzki, which, when injected into the blood stream, is gobbled up by the multiple EGF receptors on the cancer cells, without harming normal cells. Once embedded in the tumor cells, it destroys them from within a true "Trojan horse," said Prof. Levitzki. Normal cells, which possess 20 to100 less EGF receptors, are spared, since the amount of double-stranded RNA gobbled up is insufficient to induce them to die.
The lethal RNA approach has been applied to mice in which human brain tumors were grown. The tests proved 100% effective in eliminating the tumorous growths.
Further testing is planned in a clinical setting. In the meantime, a small start-up company, Algen Biopharmaceuticals Ltd., has been established through the Hebrew University's Yissum Technology Transfer Company to promote commercial development of the new drug. Prof. Levitzki believes that the project has great potential, especially since over-expression of EGF receptors is involved in more than 25 % of all types of cancers. The strategy developed to combat GBM can also be applied to other types of receptors found on cancerous cells, he added.
Last year, Prof. Levitzki was named the winner of the prestigious Wolf Prize in Medicine for his research on cancer development and treatment. His previous work led to successful therapy in treating leukemia and some lung cancer patients.